PCBs污染土壤的CaO诱导低温热处理脱氯研究

研究了低温热处理脱氯技术对废弃电容器封存点附近污染土壤中多氯联苯脱氯的效果,考察反应温度、反应时间及CaO添加比例对PCBs去除率、脱氯率的影响以及反应前后土壤中污染物的组分变化。实验土样中PCBs浓度为107.7 mg/g,属于罕见高浓度PCBs污染土壤。当反应温度为400℃、停留时间4h、CaO添加比例为10%,PCBs的去除率为87.7%,脱氯率为85.3%。土壤样品中五氯联苯和四氯联苯反应后含量降低或未检出,部分反应后样品检出一氯联苯和联苯,说明在CaO诱导PCBs低温热处理脱氯反应中存在逐步脱氯/加氢反应途径。     

我国典型村庄农村环境质量监测与评价

选取典型村庄,基于农村环境质量监测和评价方法,对典型村庄2014年农村环境质量进行监测和评价,结果表明:典型村庄环境空气质量状况总体良好,达标比例为82.0%,超标村庄多分布在中国西北地区;农村饮用水源地水质较差,总体水质达标比例为67.1%,地表水和地下水饮用水源地水质达标比例分别为89.8%和52.6%;农村地表水环境质量欠佳,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面占72.7%,饮用水水源地和地表水水质各地区均存在超标村庄;部分地区土壤重金属超标问题较为突出,出现监测项目超标情况村庄占20.6%,土壤超标村庄主要集中在中国东北、华中和华南等地区;农村生态质量状况相对较好,"较差"和"差"的县域主要分布在中国西北和华中北部地区。     

Linking landscape development intensity within watersheds to methyl-mercury accumulation in river sediments

An indicator of the disturbance of natural systems, the landscape development intensity (LDI) index, was used to assess the potential for land-use within watersheds to influence the production/accumulation of methyl-mercury (MeHg) in river sediments. Sediment samples were collected from locations impacted by well-identified land-use types within the Mobile-Alabama River Basin in Southeastern USA. The samples were analyzed for total-Hg (THg) and MeHg concentrations and the obtained values correlated to the calculated LDI indexes of the sampled watersheds to assess the impact of prevalent land use/land cover on MeHg accumulation in sediments. The results show that unlike THg, levels of MeHg found in sediments are impacted by the LDI indexes. Overall, certain combinations of land-use types within a given watershed appear to be more conducive to MeHg accumulation than others, therefore, pointing to the possibility of targeting land-use practices as potential means for reducing MeHg accumulation in sediments, and ultimately, fish contamination.     

石油降解菌Pseudomonas stutzeri TH-31的分离与降解条件优化

使用稀释富集法,从大港油田采油废水处理站生化池中定向快速的分离出多株高效石油降解菌株。对分离获得的1株优势菌株进行生理生化和分子生物学鉴定,显示属于Pseudomonas stutzeri的1个新菌株,命名为Pseudomonas stutzeri TH-31。通过批次实验,对菌株TH-31的生长条件和石油降解条件进行了优化,经过条件优化,P.stutzeri TH-31在初始p H 7,原油投加量为300 mg/L,35℃培养5 d后,获得最高石油烃降解率92.7%。     

改性粉煤灰合成沸石对甲基橙的吸附动力学

以粉煤灰(FA)为原料,采用水热晶化一步法制备了Na P1型沸石(ZFA),对合成产物的结构进行了表征,并采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对其进行改性。通过静态吸附实验,研究了改性后Na P1型沸石(MZFA)对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,在所研究的浓度条件下,改性Na P1型沸石对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,在25℃时,静态饱和吸附量(Qm)为64.76 mg/g。动力学分析表明,改性Na P1型沸石对溶液中甲基橙的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

模糊综合评判在崩塌预测中的应用

本文用模糊数学理论建立了崩塌易发性预测模型,模型中通过对崩塌影响因素的分析,选取8种因素作为预测因子,4个等级作为评价集,并引入k次抛物型模糊分布作为隶属函数。之后采用层次分析法求出权重,使用matlab软件检验权重的一致性并计算结果向量,从而实现对崩塌发育影响因素严重性等级综合评判。实例表明:模糊综合评价方法可操作性强、效果较好,可在一般崩塌发育影响因素分析评价中广泛应用。     

苏皖交界北西向断裂构造地震危险性分析

苏皖交界近年来不断有地震发生,2012年7月发生了Ms4.9级地震,造成了一定的破坏,其社会影响大。在此震情形势下,本文通过分析苏皖交界北西向断裂构造的活动特征、北西向断裂构造与历史破坏性地震及现代2.0级以上地震间的关系,认为苏皖交界区域沿扬州—六合—高邮—盱眙—洪泽—带被北西向的自来桥—来安断裂和无锡—宿迁断裂所夹持的区域,未来有发生Ms5.0级地震的构造背景,应关注其未来地震危险性。     

Characterization of typical taste and odor compounds formed by Microcystis aeruginosa

Production and characteristics of typical taste and odor (T&O) compounds by Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated. A few terpenoid chemicals, including 2-MIB, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone, and a few sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were detected. β-Cyclocitral and β-carotene concentrations were observed to be relevant to the growth phases of Microcystis. During the stable growth phase, 41-865 fg/cell of β-cyclocitral were found in the laboratory culture. β-Cyclocitral concentrations correlated closely with β-carotene concentrations, with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.96, as it is formed from the cleavage reaction of β-carotene. For dead cell cases, a high concentration of dimethyl trisulfide was detected at 3.48-6.37 fg/cell. Four T&O compounds, including β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, heptanal and dimethyl trisulfide, were tested and found to be able to inhibit and damage Microcystis cells to varying degrees. Among these chemicals, β-cyclocitral has the strongest ability to quickly rupture cells.